1. Statistics

2 types of statistics

Descriptive Statistics

are used to organize and describe the characteristics of a collection of data

For example, you have the names of 22 college students, their major areas of status, and their ages. If you need to desribe what the most popular college major is, you could use a descriptive statistic that summarizes their most frequent choice

Inferential Statistics

are often (but not always) the next step after collecting and summarizing data. Inferential statistics are used to make infereneces based on a smaller group of data

A smaller group of data is often called a sample, which is a portion, or a subset of a population. Inferring from a sample to a population makes a lot of sense, especially when you are sure the sample represents the population